INDEX

VOL 2—RACE AND STATE




Aboriginal peoples. See Primitive
    peoples
Achilles, 35
Active and passive races, 163, 167-70
Aktionsanlagen (predispositions to
    action), 32
Aktzusammenhängen (intellectual
    connections between actions), 33,
Alpha Test, 87
Alpine race, 61, 208, 216, 222
Alverdes, Friedrich, 39-40, 54
America: and politics, 16, 206; testing
    in, 84, 87-89, 89-90n38; as chosen
    one, 148; revolutionary war in, 159;
    blacks in, 172, 181, 218; Central
    America, 174; immigrants in, 181,
    218; Nordic ideal in, 218, 219; race
    idea in, 221-22; and World War I,
    222
Ammon, Otto, 211, 212, 216
Anamnesis, 27
Anarchy, 154
Ancestors, 125
Animality of human beings, 123-24
Animals, 22-26, 32-33, 64, 101n59,
   104, 107, 112, 117, 162-63
Anquetil-Duperron, Abraham-
    Hyacinthe, 156
Anthropology: philosophical, xiv, 9,
    69, 121; Scheler on, xiv; physical,
    xv, xvi, 10-11, 34, 126; and
    fundamental experiences of human
    beings, 19-23; race theories in,
    56-63; as natural science, 62-63;
    social, 84-85
Anthropometric race theory, 100
Anthropos, 134, 139, 153
"Anti-race, " xviii, 181. See also
    Blacks; Jews
Anti-Semitic race ideas in Germany,
    xviii, 181-206, 184-85n4
Apollo of Belvedere, the, 167
Aptitude tests, 88-90, 90n38
Arabs, 158, 168
Archai (pre-material or super-material
    beginnings), 104
Aristotle, 10, 19, 24, 26-27, 28, 104
Artbild (species image), 113
Artists, 74
Artliche Verbundenheit (soul
    character in its connection), 95
Artlos (racially rootless), 219
Aryanism, xviii, 197-99, 205, 213-14.
    See also Nordic race
Ascher, Saul, 186
Assimilation, 183
Aufnordung (upping the Nordic
    factor), 217
Auf-sich-zukommen-lassen (taking
    things as they come), 95
Augustine, Saint, 73
Ausdrucksbahnen (channels of
    expression), 100
Ausdrucksfeld (indivisible field of
    expression), 32
Ausgliederung (social articulation),
    112, 119
Ausgriff (reaching out), 95
Australia, 170, 172
Austria, ix, ix-xn2, xvi, 159, 222
Austria-Hungary, 176-77
Autobiographical Reflections
    (Voegelin), x, xi, xii

Baltic race, 61
Baudelaire, Charles, 98
Bauer, Bruno, 193n5, 193-97, 196n30,
    197n, 205
Bavaria, 208
Bedeutungsgehalt (meaningful
    element), 150
Begriffsklar (conceptually clear
    knowledge), 146
Behavioral law of the ego, 93
Bergson, Henri, 42
Berufungstypus (type of calling), 99
Beta Tests, 89
Bewegungsfelder (concrete fields of
    action), 96
Biological theories of race: overview
of, xv-xvii; and contemporary race theory, 37-38; and genetics, 37, 44, 52-55, 58; and scientific concept of race, 37; Darwinian theory, 38-40, 44-45; and Malthus, 38-39; and interior-exterior speculation, 40-48; and organic individual, 42-46; and mutation, 44-45; Nageli on, 45-48; Eimer on, 46-48; entelechy, 48-49; reaction-norm theory, 49-52, 70; and metabolism, 50-51; and species development, 52, 53-54; and subspecies, 54-55; and bloodlines, 55
Blacks, 61, 89, 90n38, 172, 181, 214,
    218
Blood: as symbol, 14-15; "pure blood"
    95, 117-18
Blood guilt, 130
Blood inheritance ( Bluterbe ), 67
Blood purity, 95, 117-18
Bloodlines and blood relationships, 55,
    125-30, 138-39
Blumenbach, Johann, 213
Bluterbe (blood inheritance), 67
Blutklage (blood guilt), 130
Boas, Franz, 57, 60
Bockh, August, 155
Boden (roots), 196
Bodenlosigkeit (rootlessness), 195-96,
    196n30, 201-203, 206
Bodin, Jean, 139
Body ideas ( Leibideen ): Voegelin's
interest in generally, xii, 8; overview of, xvii; race as, generally, xvii, 8, 128; and Christian community, 4-5, 13, 16, 128-29, 132-41; and reality of the state, 5; and community, 13-14, 128-41, 154; corpus mysticum, 13, 129, 132, 138-41; body as part of human being, 122-23; animality of human beings, 123-24; human being as whole, 124-27; and classical tribal state, 129-32, 138; and Nordic idea, 207-22; and particularist com- munities, 207-208. See also Race Body-soul-mind relationships: thinkers influencing Voegelin, 10, 15; and "blood" symbolism, 15; examples of nature of human experiences, 19-22; comparison of humans with plants and animals, 22-23, 25-26, 32, 33, 64; isolation constructions, 23-26; intermediate-link constructions, 26-28; as causal relationship, 28-30; and intellectual unity, 30-36; characteristics of personal mind, 33; Egyptian doctrine of the soul, 35-36; in primitive and mythic thought, 35-36; and soul-characteristics of races, 67-69; Clauss on, 93-95; Spann's pairing of matter and mind, 103-11; body as part of human being, 122-23; animality of human beings, 123-24; human being as whole, 124-27; soma and pneuma of Christ, 133-37, 133-34n15, 138, 160. See also Body ideas; Soul- characteristics of races
Boltzmann, Ludwig, 75
Bonaparte, Napoleon. See Napoleon
Bopp, Franz, 156, 198n33
Borne, Ludwig, 186
Bourgeoisie, 140-41, 141n, 166
Breeding: inter-, 61-62, 126, 170-71,
    204, 214-15;breeding: in-, 214
Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc de,
    156-57, 164-65

Caesar Junius, 162
Carus, Carl Gustav, 157
Caste distinctions, 175
Caucasians, 167-69, 213
Causal-relationship construction,
    28-30, 69
Central America, 174
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 199,
    201-202, 205, 213, 215
Champollion, Jean-François, 156
Character, 80-81
Characteristics and traits, 76-82
Charisma, 137-39
Charles II, 138
Charles V, 85, 159
Charles XII, 85
China, 156, 168, 174
Chosen race, 185-88, 197n32, 213-15
Christ: kingdom of, 4-5, 13, 16, 119,
    128-29, 132-41, 192; and
    experiences of the mind, 73; Body
    of, as Christian community, 128-29,
    132-41; appearance of, to Paul,
    132-33; as second Adam, 132, 138;
    pneuma and soma of, 133-37,
    133-34n15, 138, 160; as "head" of
    Christian community, 135-36;
    Fichte on, 143-44, 197; as "founder"
    and first "citizen" of Kingdom of
    God, 143-44; as Nordic person, 160;
    Graetz on, 188
Christian community: Kingdom of
    Christ, 4-5, 13, 16, 119, 128-29,
    132-41, 148, 192; freedom within,
    144-46; Kingdom of God, 144-49,
    152-53; collapse of res publica
    Christiana, 154
Christianity versus Judaism, 187-88,
    194-95, 197n, 205
Cicero, 162
Circassians, 158
Citizenship, 127, 129, 179
Clan community, 126, 130, 138
Class. See Bourgeoisie; Social class
Classical tribal state, 129-32, 138
Clauss, Ludwig Ferdinand, xvi, 12-13,
    15, 90-101, 112, 117-18, 124,
    206n60, 219-20
Cleisthenes, 129-30
Close listening, 99
Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, 156
Colossians, Letter to, 133n12, 136
Commons, John R., 4n
Communism, 179, 180, 216
Community: overview of, xvii-xv111;
and law, 3-4; Christian, 4-5, 13, 16, 128-29, 132-41; class of ideas about, 4; Germanic ideas of, 4-5; Litt's theory of, 7; and body ideas, 13-14, 128-41, 154; and idea, 117-21; and minds of humans, 120; cult community, 125, 126-27, 129-32; clan community, 126, 130, 138; body of Christ as, 128-29, 132-41; classical tribal state, 129-32, 138; Fichte on, 142-49, 151-53, 180-81, 193, 197n; formation of, 142, 149-51; particularist, 142-53, 154, 180-81, 185-88, 192-97, 207-208; Kingdom of God, 144-49, 152-53; and Schelling on mythology, 149-52; plurality of, 154; and Jews, 182
Consciousness, 120-21, 125-26,
    128-29
Conservative Revolution, xvi
Constitutional law, 7
Constitutional monarchy, 158, 169
Corinthians, Letter to, 133n10, 133n13, 137
Corpus mysticum, 13, 129, 132,
    138-41
Coulanges, Fustel de, 129
Counterrace. See Blacks; Jews
Creative thinkers, 73-74
Cult community. See Community
Cultural history, 157-60
Cultural pessimism, 161-66, 174,
    177n
Culture, 71-76, 165, 166
Cuvier, Georges, 171-72

Dante, 174
Darwin, Charles, xv, 9, 38-40, 44-45
Darwinism, 15, 38-40, 44-45, 208-11
Daseinablauf (fundamental
    experiences), 102
David, 174
De Mailla, Joseph A. M. M., 156
De Vries, Hugo, 52-53
Death, 20-22, 27, 35-36, 161
Defoe, Daniel, 141n
Demes, 125, 131
Demotikon, 131
Dempf, Alois, 136, 139
Deniker, Joseph, 213
Denkbild (thought image), 125
Denksituationen (conflicting ways of
    thinking), 103
Descartes, René, 10, 20, 23-26
Description de 1'Egypte, 156
Dinarisch (Alpine) race, 208
Ding an sich (thing-in-itself), 66,
    68-69
Dollfuss, Engelbert, ix, ix-xn2
Doxa (glory), 133, 134n15, 135, 138
Dreams, 20-21
Driesch, Hans, 48-49, 50
Drives, 25-26
Droysen, Johann Gustav, 155
Drumann, Wilhelm Karl August, 156
Dühring, Eugen, 200-201n43
Durchbildungen (linguistic
    formations), 124
Durchwalten (permeating and ruling
    the soul), 99

Eastern European race, 181
Ecstasy, 109-11
Egalitarianism, 210
Ego, behavioral law of, 93
Egypt, 35-36, 156, 168
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried, 198n33
Eigenwüchsig (self-generated life
    form), 141
Eimer, G. H. Theodor, 46-48
Einstein, Albert, 75
Eismann, August, 46
Emanatistic theories, 105
Endschaft (finality), 166
Engels, Friedrich, 174
England, 16, 89, 146, 174, 206, 218,
    219, 221
Entelechy, 48-49
Entleibung (end to physical existence),
    27
Entselbstend (depersonalization), 19
Entselbstung (end to self), 27
Ephesians, 137
Eponymos, 131
Erbeinheitlich (genetically unified),
    57-58
Erbwerte (hereditary factors), 210
Erlebnissablauf (order of experience of
    soul), 100
Erregungsmitte (center of excitation),
    96
Ethnic citizenship
    ( Volksburgerschaft ), 127
Ethnography, 160
Ethnology, 172-73
Ethnopsychology, 160
Eugenics, 177n, 212n7, 218
Evil. See Kingdom of Evil
Evolution, 38-40, 47, 160, 175
Exterior-interior speculation, 40-48

Fälisch (Phalian) race, 208
Fame ( fama ), 75
Familienrechtlich (legal family), 130
Farnese Hercules, the, 168
Fatalism. See Pessimism, cultural
Fate, 124
Fault sites ( Störungsstellen ), 79-80
Fear, and separation of particularist
    communities, 151-53
Fichte, Immanuel Hermann von: and
    Herrschaftslehre, 3; on intellectual
    unity of body-mind-soul, 10, 30-32;
    on pneumatic body, 32, 50, 108; on
    community, 142-49, 151-53,
    180-81, 193, 197n; on Christ,
    143-44, !97; on Germany, 146, 159,
    184; compared with Klemm, 157,
    158-59; on divine and satanic
    kingdoms, 160, 180-81; on Jews, 192
Fides, 137-38
Finot, Jean, 12
Fischer, Eugen, 14, 58-60, 126, 221
Flächenhaft (territories), 157
Form idea, race as, 90-101
France, 16, 98, 146, 148, 159, 174, 206,
    219, 221, 222
Francis of Assisi, Saint, 152
Frederick the Great, 139, 166, 197
Free citizenship ( Freibürgerschaft ), 179
Freyer, Egon, 3
Friedrich Wilhelm zur Lippe, Prince,
    101n59
Fundamental experiences
    ( Grunderfahrungen ), 19-23, 30, 31,
    65-67, 71, 96-97, 102-106, 132-35,
    142-44, 151, 180; and rootlessness,
    195-97; and Jews as counteridea,
    205; and democratic idea in
    America, 221-22

Galton, Francis, 209-13, 214, 218
Gattungsvernunft (perfectibility of
    human reason), 143
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 7 5
Gegenbegriff (opposite), 92
Gegenstandsbereich, 11
Gegenstandsstruktur (unity of object's
    structure), 29
Gehlen, Arnold, xix
Gehofmeistert (lectured), 187
Geistdurchwohnt (mind-permeated
    body of human being), 93
Geistespsychologisch (psychological
    traits), 203-204
Geisteswissenschaftler, 73
Geistgestalt (spiritual form of body),
    64
Geistgestaltung (shaping of mind), 33
Geistleiblich (spiritual-bodily beings),
    133
Geistwesenheit (mental nature), 214
Geistwirklichkeit (reality of the
    mind), 28, 150
Gemeinschafslehre, 16
Gemenglage (social mixture), 184
Genepistasis, 47
Genes, 76-77, 79, 83
Genetics, 37, 44, 52-55, 58, 76-77,
    79-80, 83, 111-12. See also Heredity
Genotype, 87, 88, 113
Gens-based cult community, 125,
    126-32
Gentz, Friedrich von, 188
George, Stefan, 75
George V of Hanover, 161
German race, xviii, 62
Germany: Hitler's rise to power in, ix;
    philosophical anthropology in, in
    1920s, xiv; Jews as counteridea of
    Germans, 14, 180-206; new political
    movements in, 15-16; aptitude of
    persons from, 89; Fichte on, 146,
    159, 184; and particularist
    community, 148-49; explanations
    for German-Jewish conflict, 182-83,
    206, 206n61; and idea of
    community, 206; and Nordic idea,
    207-22; and World War II, 222
Gesamtwesen (man's total being), 64
Geschlecht (lineage), 126
Geschlechterverbände (clan
    relationships), 123
Geschlechtsfremde Mitglieder (people
    from outside blood lineage), 126
Geschlossenheit (autonomous self-
    enclosedness), 105
Gestalt (visible form), 93
Gestalthabender stoff (formed
    substance), 108
Gestaltlichkeit (structure or shape),
    110
Gewaltstheorie (theory of power), 174
Gezweiungen höherer Ordnung
    (pairings of a higher order), 103-11
Gibbon, Edward, 155
Gleim, Johann, 188
Gliedhaftigkeit (bodily membership),
    137
Gobineau, Arthur Comte de: race
    theory of, 14, in, 160-66, 160n10,
    167, 170-72, 175-76, 177n, 207, 213,
    214, 217; on history, 160-66, 174,
    pessimism of, 161-66, 174, 177n; on
    humanity, 180
God. See Kingdom of God
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 143,
    188, 197
Gottgesandter (messenger from God),
    144
Gottversenkung (submersion in God),
    19
Graetz, Heinrich, 186-88, 190
Grant, Madison, 217, 218, 222
Graphology, 81-82, 83
Greatness as concept, 74-75
Greek classical tribal state, 129-32,
    138
Greek history, 155
Greek view of the soul, 35, 36
Greeks, as active race, 168
Grenzbegriffe (dialectical concepts of
    boundaries), 107
Groethuysen, Bernhard, xiv, 8, 140,
    141n
Grote, George, 155
Ground of being ( Seinsgrund ), 149-51,
    166; and groundlessness, 195-97,
    201
"Growth of the Race Idea" (Voegelin),
    xvii
Grunderfahrungen. See Fundamental
    experiences
Grunderwesen (economic
    expansionism), 190
Gumplowicz, Ludwig, 175-77, 17
    178
Gunther, Hans F. K.: race theory of,
    xv-xvi, 14, 61, 62, 83-90, 100, 124;
    on soul-characteristics of races,
    83-90, 86n34, 100, 124; on typology
    of races, 83-90; on Nordic race,
    85-86, 86n34, 215-17, 219, 222; on
    inbreeding of Jews, 204
Gürke, Norbert, xviii-xix
Gustav Adolf, 85

Haeckel, Ernst, 209
Hebrews, Letter to, 136
Heeren, A. H. L., 159
Hegel, G. W. F., 73, 75, 159
Heidegger, Martin, xiv, 8, 196n30
Heine, Heinrich, 186
Helmholtz, Hermann, 75
Henotheism, 199
Herder, Johann, 32, 101n59, 117, 157,
    159, 188
Heredity: and biological theories of
    race, 37, 39, 41, 44, 52-58; and soul-
    characteristics of races, 65, 69-81;
    and Lenz, 69-76; and Scheidt,
    76-81, 83; Spann on, 111-13; and
Galton, 209-13. See also Genetics
Herodotus, 155, 161
Herrschaftslehre , 3, 5
Hertz, Friedrich Otto, 12
Hildebrandt, Kurt, 61, 62, 63, 216n
Hincmar of Reims, 137-38
Hinhorchen (close listening), 99
Hirschel, Moses, 186
Historicization process, 155-61
History: Kant on, 142, 165-66;
    expansion of horizon through
    history, 154-66; loss of meaning in,
    154-55; Greek history, 155; major
    events in historicization process,
    155-56; Roman history, 155-56;
    Chinese history, 156; Egyptian
    history, 156; of India, 156, Persian
    history, 156; race theory and
    historicization process, 156-61;
Klemm's cultural history, 157-60;
Hegel's philosophy of, 159; political
    history, 159-60; Spezialgeschichte
    (specialized history), 159; Gobineau
    on, 160-66, 174; as source of
    material for race theory, 173-79;
    Gumplowicz on, 177n; selectorial
    view of history, 212, 212n8
History of Political Ideas (Voegelin),
    xiii
History of the Race Idea (Voegelin), ix,
    x, xiii
Hitler, Adolf, ix-x, xvi, xix
Hochgezeit (high point), 97
Hödel, 209
Hölderlin, Friedrich, 220
Holland, 89
Homer, 155
Human nature. See Body-soul-mind
    relationships
Humanity: compared with animals
    and plants, 22-23, 25-26, 32, 33, 64,
    162-63; animality of, 123-24;
    perfectibility of, 142-43; freedom
    for, in Kingdom of God, 143-46;
    inequality of, 144-45, 210; "natural"
    man, 164-65; Gobineau on, 180;
    Klemm on, 180. See also Body-soul-
    mind relationships; Community;
    Race
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 80, 155
Husserl, Edmund, xvi
Hypokeimenon (underlying
    substratum), 105
Hyrtl, Joseph, 51

Ideas: Voegelin's use of term, xiii, 117;
    versus theories, xiv-xv, xvii; about
    persons, 4; and community, 4,
    117-21; race idea versus race theory,
    13-14; Plato's theory of, 73, 91; race
    as form idea, 90-110; hierarchy of,
    118-19, 121; objective versus
    subjective status of, 119-21; and
    personal minds of humans, 120-21;
    of nation, 121; dissolution and
    reintegration of, 142, 180; Nordic
    idea, 207-22. See also Body ideas;
    Community; Race
Ideen, 101n59
Imago Dei, 165
Immigrants, 181, 218
Inbreeding, 204, 214-15
India, 156, 168, 172
Inequality of humanity, 144-45, 210
Innerzeitlichkeit (inner time), 106n
Instinctual energy, 21, 25-26
Intellectual traits of races, overview
    of, xv-xvii
Intellectual unity, 30-36
Intelligence tests, 84, 87
Interbreeding, 61-62, 126, 170-71,
    175-76, 204, 214-15
Interior-exterior speculation, 40-48
Intermediate-link construction of
    human beings, 26-28
Internationalism, 222
Isolation construction of human
    beings, 23-26

Jaspers, Karl, xiv, 8
Jellinek, Georg, 5-6
Jesus. See Christ
Jews: Bauer on, 193n25, 193, 193-97,
    196n30, 197n; as "anti-race, " xviii;
    Aryanism versus Judaism, xviii,
    197-99, 205, 213; as counteridea of
    Germans, 14, 180-206; Boas' study
    of skulls of, 60; aptitude testing of,
    89; characteristics of, 182, 204; and
    community, 182; explanations for
    German-Jewish conflict, 182-83;
    Sombart on, 182; definition of,
    183-84; pariah existence of, 183;
    causes for outrage against, 185-90;
    chosenness and superiority of,
    185-88, 197n32; economic damage
    caused by, 185, 188-90; particularist
    community of, 185-88, 192-97,
    197n32; Graetz on, 186-88, 190;
    Rühs on, 186; Treitschke on, 186,
    187n8, 190-92, 191-92n, 209;
    Christianity versus Judaism,
    187-88, 194-95, 197n, 205; and
    usury, 189; Fichte on, 192; and
    Mosaic law, 195-96, 202; national
    identity of, 195-97; rootlessness of,
    195-96, 196n30, 201-203, 206;
    inferiority of, 198-200; Renan on,
    198-200; Chamberlain on, 199,
    20I-202; Weininger on, 202-203;
    physical traits of, 203-205;
    inbreeding of, 204; as mixture of
    races, 204
Johannsen, Wilhelm, 53, 55, 61
John, Gospel of, 146-47
Judaism: versus Aryanism, xviii,
    197-99, 205, 213; versus
    Christianity, 187-88, 194-95, 197n,
    205. See also Christian community;
    Jews
Justin the Martyr, Saint, 132n9

Kant, Immanuel: on nature of
    humanity, 10, 27, 28, 65, 117, 123,
    124, !65, 180; on reason, 27, 28, 117,
    165, 180; Critique of Pure Reason
    by, 66; and antimony, 68; on
    history, 142-43, 159, 160, 165-66;
    optimism of, 142-43, 165-66; on
    Frederick the Great, 166, 197
Kaufmann, Fritz, 196n30
Kelsen, Hans, xi-xii, 6-7
Kerneigenschaften (core
    characteristics), 86n34
Kierkegaard, Søren, 196n30
Kingdom of Christ, 4-5, 13, 16, 119,
    128-29, 132-41, 148, 192
Kingdom of Evil, 146, 148-49, 152-53
Kingdom of God, 144-49, 152-53
Kingship, 137-39, 158, 169
Kinship, 123-24
Klages, Ludwig, 81-82, 83, 153
Klemm, Gustav, 14, 157-60, 163,
    167-74, 180, 213
Korper (body), 64
Kretschemer, Ernst, 215n15
Kruezzeitung, 209
Kulturvolk (unified cultural people),
    167

Labe, Louise, 98
Lagarde, Paul de, 201n43
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 9
Landstaat (origin of state), 178
Lasalle, Ferdinand, 174
Lassen, 205
Last Supper, 132n9
Lavater, Johann, 188
Law, 3-7
Lebensdrang (vital instinct), 21
Lebensneid (vital envy), 153
Lebensraum, 182
Legal system, 3-7
Leib (body), 64
Leibfremd (anti-body), 128
Leibideen. See Body ideas
Leistungsbeschreibungen
    (performance), 78
Lenz, Fritz, xv, xvi, 14, 71-76, 78,
    83-90, 124, 204, 215
Leo, Heinrich, 159
Lepsius, Karl Richard, 156
Lessing, Gotthold, 186, 201n43
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien, 172
Lewin, Rahel, 188
Linnaeus, Carl, 38, 52, 53, 69, 213
Litt, Theodor, 7
Livy, 155
Logos, 146-47
Louis XIV, 139, 159
Luden, Heinrich, 159

Maimon, Salomon, 186
Malthus, Thomas, 38-39
Marr, Wilhelm, 203
Martin, Rudolf, 56-57, 59
Marx, Karl, xix, 174, 178, 193n25
Materia prima, 104, 106, 110
Materia secunda, 104
Matter, 104, 105
Mediated rapport, 110
Mendel, Gregor, 37, 44, 111-12
Mendelssohn, Moses, 186, 187-88
Metabolism, 50-51
Middle Ages, 214
Middle class, 140-41, 141n, 166, 174,
    175, 190, 211, 216, 219
Migrations of races, 169-70, 173-74
Mimetic series, 100
Mind. See Body-soul-mind
    relationships
Missartung (soul character), 95
Miteinander (realms of being existing
    together), 103
Mithras, 132n9
Mixed races, 61-62, 126, 170-71,
    175-76, 204, 214-15
Models, 4
Mommsen, Theodor, 203, 216n
Monarchy. See Kingship
Monolatry, 199, 201
Monotheism, 150, 199, 201
Morgan, Thomas Hunt, 52, 61
Mosaic law, 195-96, 202
Muckle, Friedrich, 206n60
Mulattos, 61
Müller, Johannes von, 159
Muller, Otfried, 155
Mussolini, Benito, xn2
Mutations, 44-45, 49-54, 61, 79-80
Mythology: body-soul-mind
    relationship in, 35-36; Schelling on,
    149-52; tribal states in, 149-50;
Muller on interpretation of, 155; of
    polygenesis, 173

Nadler, Josef, 201n43
Nägeli, Carl, 45-48
Napoleon, 146, 149, 156, 169, 186
National Socialism, ix-xi, ixn2, xvi,
    xviii-xix, 180, 211, 216
Nations and nation-states, 121, 148,
    149-50, 175-77
"Natural" man, 164-65
Natural right, 4
Negroes. See Blacks
New Science of Politics (Voegelin),
    xiii
Niebuhr, Barthold, 155-56, 161
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 3, 145, 153, 163,
    174, 220
Nobiling, 209
Noble ancestors, 125
Nordic race: overview of, xviii, 13,
    14-16; as "pure" race, 61, 215, 216;
    political propaganda for, 62; Lenz
    and Günther on, 85-86, 86n34;
    Clauss on, 95, 96-98; superiority of,
    124, 158, 213-15; Christ as member
    of, 174; Jews as counterrace to, 183;
    and body idea, 207-22; and Virchow,
    208-209; and Galton, 209-13;
    cultural achievements of, 214-15;
    and politics, 215-22; in Sweden,
    215; decline of, 217; American
    Nordic ideal, 218; German Nordic
    ideal, 218-22
Norman race, 214
Norms, 3, 5, 7

On the Form of the American Mind
    (Voegelin), ix, xi
Oppenheimer, Franz, 178-79
Order and History (Voegelin), xiii
Organic growth (organophysis), 47
Organic individual, 42-46
Organlehre (theory of institutions), 5
Orthogenesis, 47
Ostisch (Eastern European race), 181

Paganism, 149
Pairing of matter and mind, 103-11
Pariah existence, 183
Particularist community. See
    Community
Parzellierung (reapportionment), 189
Pascal, Blaise, 73
Passive and active races, 163, 167-70
Patroclus, 35
Paul, 73, 132-33, 132n9, 133n10,
    134n15, 136-38, 146, 188
Peace, 177-78, 179, 222
Perfectibility of humanity, 142-43
Perfection of organic substance, 45-46
Persians, 156, 168
Person (individual), 33, 41-42, 62,
    91-94, 112, 118-19, 120-21, 134-36,
    138, 143; as imago Dei, 165; as
    species being (Marx), 193n; Jew as,
    203
Personal mind, 33, 120-21
Pessimism, cultural, 161-66, 174,
    177n
Phalian race, 208, 216
Phenomenon of law
    (Rechtserscheinung), 3
Phenomenon of norm, 3
Phenotype, 77-78, 112
Philosophers, 73
Philosophical anthropology, xiv, 9, 11,
    69
Phratries, 125, 130, 138
Phylae, 125, 130-31
Physical anthropology, xv, xvi, 10-11,
    34, 126
Planck, Max, 75
Plants, 22-23, 25-26, 104, 107, 117
Plato, 27, 35, 73, 91
Plessner, Helmuth, xiv, xix-xx, 8,
    27-28, 30
Pliny the Younger, 162
Plurality of community, 154
Pneuma (soul), 133-37, 133-34n15,
    138, 160
Pneumata (demons and angels), 133
Pneumatic body, 32, 50, 108-10,
    134n15
Poland, 89, 186
Poleis, 125
Political race idea (theory), 37-39,
    60-61, 167-79, 215-22
Politics and political history, 159-60,
    215-22
Pölitz, Karl, 159
Polygenesis, 173
Polynesia, 170
Polytheism, 150, 199
Pomeranian Civil War, 189
Pompey, 162
Potencies, 150, 154
Potenz (potency), 150
Power theory, 174-75
Pre-existence, 107-108
Primitive peoples, 164-65, 170-74
Primordial image, 93
Proletariat, 139-40, 219
Property, 4, 4n
Proust, Marcel, 98
Prussia, 159, 166, 201n43, 208
Psyche, 27, 35
Psychical race types, 83-90, 86n34
Psychological heredity, 73-74
"Pure blood," 95, 117-18
"Pure" races, 61, 62, 112, 117-18, 124,
    215, 215n15

Race: and National Socialist
    movement, x; overview of
    Voegelin's ideas on, xiv-xviii, 8-16;
    "super-power constructions" ???in, xiv;
    biological theories of, xv-xvii,
    37-55; Günther's theory of, xv-xvi,
    14, 61, 62, 83-90, 100, 124; and
    intellectual traits, xv-xvii; Lenz's
    theory of, xv, xvi, 71-76, 83-90, 124;
    Scheldt's theory of, xv, xvi, 76-82,
    83, 126; Clauss's theory of, xvi, 12,
    13, 15, 90-101, 112, 117-18, 124;
    Spann's theory of, xvi-xvii, 13,
    102-13, 117-18; as body idea, xvii,
    8; as political idea, 8; summary on,
    10-11; controversy over, 11-12; race
    theory versus race idea, 13-14;
    typology of races, 13; Gobineau on,
    14, 111, 160-66, 160n10, 167,
    170-72, 175-76, 177n, 207, 213, 214,
    217; anthropological theories of,
    56-63; Fischer's definition of, 58-60,
    126; and interbreeding, 61-62, 126,
    170-71, 175-76, 204, 214-15; "pure"
    races, 61, 62, 112, 117-18, 124,
    215n15, 216; soul-characteristics of
    races, 64-101; as form idea, 90-110;
    anthropometric race theory, 100;
    Voegelin's procedural principles on,
    102-104; societal character of
    phenomenon of, 111-13; and
    expanding historical horizon,
    154-66; Buff on on, 156-57; and
    historicization process, 156-61;
    Klemm on, 157-60, 163, 167-70,
    171, 173-74, 213; active and passive
    races, 163, 167-70; strong and weak
    races, 163-66, 167, 170-72; political
    race idea, 167-79; and state, 167-79;
    Cuvier on, 171-72; sources for
    formulation of race theories,
    172-79; Gümplowicz on, 175-77,
    177n; chosen race, 185-88, 197n32,
    213-15; Galton's definition of, 212.
    See also Blacks; Jews; Nordic race
Race hygiene, 212, 212np, 214
Rassenmässigorganisch (racial-
    organic), 111
Rassenseele (soul of a race), 84
Rassenseelenkunde, xvi
Ratzel, Friedrich, 177-78, 179
Ratzenhofer, Gustav, 178, 179
"Reaching out" behavior, 95-97
Reaction-norm theory, 49-52, 70
Reaktionsnorm (reaction norm),
    49-52, 70
Reason, 26-27, 143, 165, 180
Rechtserscheinung (phenomenon of
    law), 3
Rechtssatzformen (legal principles), 5
Reibmayr, Albert, 85, 214, 215,
    215n15
Reich (all-encompassing empire), 142
Reinrassigkeit (pure race), 215n15
Renan, Joseph-Ernest, 198-200,
    198n33, 205, 213
Res publica Christiana, 154
Rohde, Erwin, 129
Roman history, 155-56, 168
Romans, Letter to, 133n11
Romanticism, 28, 145
Rootlessness ( Bodenlosigkeit ), 195-96,
    196n30, 201-203, 206
Rosellini, Ippolito, 156, 169
Rosenberg, Alfred, xix, 14
Rotteck, Karl, 159
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 165
Rubino, Joseph, 156
Rühs, Friedrich, 186
Russia, 89, 186, 222

Sachgehalten (objective contents),
    121
Samoyeds, 170
Sarx (flesh), 133
Savages, 164-65, 170-74
Scandinavia, 215, 221
Schallmayer, Wilhelm, 212, 212n9,
    214
Schapp, Wilhelm, 4n
Schaxel, Julius, 53-54
Scheldt, Walter, xv, xvi, 57-58, 61,
    76-82, 83, 126
Scheler, Max, xiv, 8, 10, 24-26, 30, 31,
    64-65, 106n
Schelling, Friedrich von, 73, 75, 113,
    149-52, 157
Schemann, Ludwig, 15
Schiller, J. C. F., 142, 143, 197, 220
Schindler, Dietrich, 7
Schlegel, Friedrich, 188, 213
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 188
Schmidt, Traugott, 134n15
Schmitt, Carl, 3, 7, 160
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 203
Science and scientists, 9, 11, 75-76,
    103
Seelenraum (soul sphere), 93
Seinsausschnitt (segment of
    existence), 28
Seinsgrund. See Ground of being
Seinsklassen (classes of being), 102
Seinsweise (being), 20
Seinswirklichkeiten (realities of
    being), 29
Selbstmächtig (self-enclosed, self-
    empowered), 67
Selbstverschwendung (self-
    squandering), 96
Selektorisch (selectorial) theory, 212,
    212n8
Semitic race, 198-200, 198n33, 205.
    See also Jews
Shakespeare, William, 80
Sichmachen (making of oneself), 143
Skulls, study of, 60, 213
Smend, Rudolf, 7
Social anthropology, 84-85
Social class, 174-75. See also
    Bourgeoisie
Social democracy, 210-11, 216
Social Democratic Party, ix
Social hygiene, 212, 212n9, 214
Sociology, 3, 174
Soma (body), 133, 133-34n15, 135-36,
    138, 160
Sornbart, Werner, 182
Soul. See Body-soul-mind
    relationships
Soul-characteristics of races: review of
    premises on, 64-71; and Scheler on
    spirit, 64-65; hereditary nature of
    spiritual traits, 65-67; and heredity,
    65, 69-81; and Kant on spirit-body
    link, 65; and body-spirit-mind
    relationships, 67-69; and inherited
    versus acquired characteristics,
    69-70; Lenz on, 71-76, 83-90, 142;
    and Scheidt's characteristics and
    traits, 76-82, 83, 126; and character,
    80-81; and graphology, 81-82, 83;
    Günther on, 83-90, 86n34, 100, 124;
    psychical race types, 83-90, 86n34;
    Clauss on, 90-101, 101n59; 112,
    124; race as form idea, 90-110;
    active versus passive types, 95-98,
    99
Spann, Othmar, xvi-xvii, 13, 102-13,
    117-18, 153
Species development, 52, 53-54, 59,
    69, 113
Spencer, Herbert, 178, 179, 218
Spengler, Oswald, 119, 162
Spezialgeschichte (specialized history),
    159
Spiessbürger, 206n61
Spiritual crisis, 150
Spittler, Ludwig, 159
Staatslehre (theory of the state). See
    State
Stammsitzel (ancestral seats), 196
Stammstaat (clan state), 138
Stapel, Wilhelm, 206n61
State: Staatslehre (theory of the state),
    xi-xiv, 1-7, 175; as natural
    organism, 139; Nietzsche's view of,
    145; formation of nation-states, 148,
    149-50; and race, 167-79;
    Gumplowicz on, 175-77; Ratzel on
    formation of, 177-78;
    Oppenheimer's theory of origin of,
    178-79; Spencer on evolution of,
    178; Communists' idea of end of,
    180; Fichte on, 180-81
Stein, Paul, 212n7
Stilreinheit (stylistic purity), 112
Stoddard, Lothrop, 218
Störungsstellen (fault sites), 79-80
Stufenbau, 5
Stylistic purity of phenotype, 112
Stylistic types of races, 98-101,
    101n59
Subspecies, 54-55
Sulla, 162
Super-power construction, 28-29
Symbol: Voegelin's use of term, xiii,
    xvii; blood as, 14-15. See also
    Fundamental experiences
    ( Grunderfahrungen )

Tacitus, 191
Talents, inheritance of, 74-75
Talmud, 196
Teilhaftigkeit (human totality), 31
Teutons, xviii, 158, 161, 168, 174, 205,
    213, 219-20, 222. See also Nordic
    race
Theogonic process, 150
Theories: versus ideas, xiv-xv, xvii;
    race theory versus race idea, 13-14
Thing-in-itself ( ding an sich ), 66,
    68-69
Thucydides, 155, 173
Thymos, 27, 35
Titus Livius, 161
Traits and characteristics, 76-82
Trajan, 162
"Tree of Life, " 38
Treitschke, Heinrich von, 186, 187n8,
    190-92, 191-92n, 209
Tribal states, 129-32, 138, 149-50
Trieb sur Geltung (desire for
    recognition), 74
Twins, 87
Typenbildung, 12
Typenlehre (characterological type
    theory), 84
Typology of races: Clauss's theory of,
    13, 95-101, 101n59; Günther's
    theory of, 83-90; Clauss's active
    versus passive types, 95-98, 99

Umphotographieren (falsifying a
    portrait), 100-101
United States. See America
Unity. See Intellectual unity
Untermächtig (super-powerful), 28-29
Uraufregend (profoundly exciting), 113
Urvolk (original people), 146
Urwüchsig (soil), 201
Usury, 189

Vacher de Lapouge, Georges, 213, 214
Valery, Paul, 75, 98
Verecundia, 203
Verfassungslehre (constitutional
    theory), 5
Verjudet (Jewish or Judaicized), 184
Verleiblichung (embodiment), 105
Vernunftigung (fully rational), 165
Vernunftsubstanz (rational substance),
    203
Vierkandt, Alfred, 3
Virchow, Rudolf, 208-209
Volk, 142
Völkerehe (marriage of peoples), 167
Völkertypen (ethnotypes), 182
Volksbürgerschaft (ethnic citizenship),
    127
Volksgeist (national spirit), 68
Volkshygienisch (eugenic), 177n
Volksidee, 142
Volkskörper (organic body of people or
    nation), 160
Volksmitglieder (members of the
    nation), 177n
Volkstum (national identity), 206n61
Vom Rassenstil zur Staatsgestalt
    (Friedrich Wilhelm zur Lippe),
    101n59
Vorgreifen (anticipatory reach), 97

Wahrmund, Adolf, 205-206n60
Wallace, Edgar, 75
Wars, 148, 173, 177-78, 179, 221-22
Weber, Max, xv, xix, 3, 174
Weininger, Otto, 202-203, 205
Weltaufbau (world structure), 25
Weltgrund (world ground), 68
Welt-Sein (being of the world), 25
Wesenheiten (independent beings),
    107
Wesens-Einen (unified whole being),
    172
Wilkinson, Sir John Gardner, 156
Will, 25-26
Willkür (arbitrariness), 27
Wilser, 213n11
Wirkensverhältnis (man's active
    relationship to environment), 32
Wirklichkeitsboden (political
    rootedness in reality), 206
Wissenschaftslehre, 147
Woltereck, Heinz, 49-52
Woltmann, Ludwig, 159, 213, 215

Yorck von Wartenburg, Count Paul,
    196n30
Young, Thomas, 156

Zend-Avesta, 156
Zersplitterung (fragmentation), 86n34
Zielgestalt (goal pattern), 94
Zoroaster, 85
Zusammen-Sein (co-existence), 27-28
Zweckrational (calculatedly rational),
    151

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