| Editor's Introduction | I |
| Part Seven. The New Order | |
| 1. The National State | 47 |
| §1. Tabula Rasa | 47 |
| a. Man Alone | |
| b. The Symbol of Natural Right | |
| c. The Symbol of Science | |
| d. The Problems of the New Era | |
| §2. In Search of Order | 52 |
| a. The State of Violence—Grotius's De Jure Belli | |
| b. The Regulation of Violence—Subjects in International Law | |
| c. The Authority of Rulership | |
| d. Nature—The Essence of Man | |
| e. Grotius—The Model Man | |
| f. The Rules of Nature | |
| g. Grotius and Epicurus | |
| §3. Hobbes | 59 |
| a. Comparison with Machiavelli and Bodin—The Problem of Realism | |
| b. The Analysis of Pride | |
| aa. The Mechanical Structure of Man | |
| bb. Loss of the Fruitio Dei | |
| cc. Fruitio Hominis —The Contemplation of Power | |
| dd. Madness | |
| c. The Analysis of Fear of Death | |
| d. The Natural Law Concepts | |
| e. The Analysis of Commonwealth and Person | |
| f. Perfection of the Legal Closure of the State | |
| g. Perfection of the Spiritual Closure of the State | |
| h. Control of Opinion | |
| i. Summary: Movement from Below and Pressure from the Top | |
| 2. The English Revolution | 73 |
| §1. The English Situation | 73 |
| §2. James I | 74 |
| §3. The Clash with Court and Parliament | 76 |
| §4. The Church Constitution—The Mayflower Compact | 76 |
| §5. The Restriction of Royal Power | 78 |
| §6. The Trend toward Sovereignty of Parliament | 79 |
| §7. The Covenants | 79 |
| §8. The Solemn Engagement of the Army | 80 |
| §9. The Agreement of the People | 81 |
| §10. The Issues of the Franchise | 83 |
| §11. The Charge against Charles I—The Declaration of Independence | 84 |
| §12. Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, Rhode Island | 85 |
| §13. Milton | 92 |
| §14. Winstanley | 96 |
| §15 Harrington | 100 |
| 3. Cromwell | 104 |
| §1. The Wars of the Fronde—State vs. Estates | 104 |
| §2. The Continent and England—State and the Stateless Political Society | 106 |
| §3. The Parliament and the State of England | 108 |
| §4. The Position of Cromwell | 110 |
| §5. Cromwell and the Will of God | 110 |
| §6. The Politics of Cromwell | 112 |
| 4. Fronde and Monarchy in France | 115 |
| §1. The Parlement | 115 |
| §2. The Cardinal de Retz | 118 |
| §3. Louis XIV | 121 |
| 5. Spinoza | 126 |
| §1. Orientalism | 126 |
| §2. The Program of the De Intellectus Emendatione | 127 |
| §3. Mysticism | 128 |
| §4. Esotericism | 129 |
| §5. Hobbes and Spinoza | 130 |
| §6. Theory of Power | 131 |
| §7. Liberalism | 133 |
| §8. The Project of Government | 134 |
| §9. The Oath | 135 |
| 6. Locke | 137 |
| §1. TheContract Theory | 137 |
| §2. The Theory of Limited Monarchy | 138 |
| §3. The Relation with Richard Hooker | 140 |
| §4. The Victorious Puritan | 140 |
| §5. Locke's Writings on Toleration | 141 |
| §6. Toleration and the New Pattern of Revolution | 142 |
| §7. Facets of Toleration in the Seventeenth Century | 144 |
| §8. The Lord's Dutch Lunch | 145 |
| §9. God: The Proprietor of Man | 145 |
| §10. Man: The Proprietor of Himself | 147 |
| §11. The Civil State—Money and Differentiation of Property | 149 |
| §12. The Equal Protection of Inequality | 150 |
| §13. Spiritual Disease—The Revolution-Breeding Element | 151 |
| 7. Intermission | 153 |
| §1. The First Cycle: Order Against Spirit | 153 |
| §2. The Second Cycle: The Reassertion of Spirit | 155 |
| §3. Spleen and Skepticism | 157 |
| a. The Skepticism of Hume | |
| b. Reason and Sentiment | |
| c. Propensities of a Gentleman Spleen | |
| d. The Social Function of Skeptical Reflection | |
| e. Sympathy and Convention | |
| §4. Montesquieu | 162 |
| a. Atmosphere of Montesquieu | |
| b. The Anthropological Question | |
| c. The People—Esprit de Lois | |
| d. Contents of the Esprit des Lois | |
| e. A New Sense of History—National Destiny | |
| f. The Idea of a Free Government | |
| §5. The Enlargement of the Geographical Horizon: The Biological Diversification of Mankind | 169 |
| a. Knowledge of New Worlds—Beginning Sentiment of Relativity | |
| b. The Travel Literature—Buffon's Histoire naturelle | |
| c. The System of Human Races | |
| d. Racial Diversification and Unity of Mankind | |
| e. The Geographical and Historical Horizons | |
| Part Eight. Last Orientation | |
| Introductory Remarks | 175 |
| 1. Phenomenalism | 178 |
| §1. Phenomenalism and Science | 178 |
| a. Scientism | |
| b. Phenomenalism and Materialism | |
| c. Definitions | |
| d. Pascal and Phenomenal Speculation | |
| e. Biological Phenomenalism | |
| f. Economic Phenomenalism | |
| g. Psychological Phenomenalism | |
| h. Combination of Types | |
| 2. Schelling | 193 |
| §1. The Realist in an Age of Disintegration | 193 |
| a. Social Isolation of the Realist | |
| b. Philosophical Dilettantism | |
| c. Rationalism | |
| d. Partiality and Inversion | |
| e. Ineffectiveness of the Realist | |
| f. The Influence of Schelling | |
| §2. Elements of Schelling's Position | 200 |
| a. Descartes and Post-Cartesian Speculation | |
| b. Critique of the Age | |
| c. The Aphorisms on Reason | |
| §3. Schelling's Speculation | 204 |
| a. Return to Bruno | |
| b. Return to Kant | |
| c. Immersion into the Substance of the Universe | |
| d. The Potenzenlehre | |
| §4. Historical Existence: The Key to Speculation | 210 |
| a. Historical Existence | |
| b. The Anamnetic Dialogue | |
| c. Anamnesis and History | |
| d. Schelling and Hegel | |
| §5. Orgiastic Existence | 214 |
| §6. Promethean Existence | 217 |
| a. The Double Life | |
| b. The Inner Return | |
| c. Melancholy and Grace | |
| §7. Political Existence | 222 |
| a. The Intelligible Order of Being | |
| b. State and Church—The Covenant of the Peoples | |
| c. Ideal and Idea | |
| d. The Polis—The Third Dionysus | |
| e. Mystery and Eschatology | |
| f. The Third Christianity—Christ and Dionysus | |
| §8. Nirvana | 233 |
| §9. Conclusion | 236 |
| a. The New Level of Consciousness | |
| b. A Comparison: Realism and Eschatological Indulgence | |
| c. Summary | |
| d. The End of an Epoch | |
| 3. Note on Hölderlin | 243 |
| 4. Nietzsche and Pascal | 251 |
| Index | 305 |
