| Part Four. The Modern World | |
| 1. The Order of Power: Machiavelli | 31 |
| §1. Biographical--Machiavelli and Guicciardini | 32 |
| §2. The Problems of the Age--The Trauma of 1494 | 34 |
| §3. The Italian Tradition | 38 |
| a. Cardinal Albornoz | |
| b. Coluccio Salutati | |
| c. Humanistic Historiography | |
| §4. The Asiatic Background | 42 |
| a. The Shadow of Asia | |
| b. Poggio Bracciolini | |
| c. The Vita Tamerlani | |
| d. Conclusion | |
| §5. The Vita di Castruccio Castracani | 55 |
| §6. The Discorsi | 59 |
| §7. The Principe | 72 |
| §8. Conclusion | 82 |
| 2. The Order of Reason: Erasmus and More | 88 |
| §1. The Year 1516 | 89 |
| §2. The Christianity of Erasmus | 91 |
| §3. The Ascetic Prince and the Vulgus | 97 |
| §4. The Range of Princely Asceticism | 101 |
| §5. Erasmus on War | 104 |
| §6. The Problem of Power | 105 |
| §7. Utopia and America | 109 |
| §8. Somewhere and Nowhere | 113 |
| §9. Pride and Property | 119 |
| §10. Utopian Warfare | 125 |
| 3. The People of God | 131 |
| §1. Institution and Movement | 131 |
| §2. Periodization of the Movement | 136 |
| §3. The Range of the Movement | 138 |
| §4. Church and Sect | 140 |
| §5. Reform and Anticivilizational Effects | 143 |
| §6. A Glimpse of Sion's Glory | 145 |
| §7. The Social Structure of the Movement | 148 |
| §8. Eastern Influences on the Western Movement--Dionysius Areopagita | 151 |
| §9. The Ideas of the Movements | 157 |
| a. The Albigensians | |
| b. Erigena | |
| c. The Two Worlds | |
| d. A Sermon by Thomas Collier | |
| e. The Queries to Lord Fairfax | |
| f. Activism and Nihilism | |
| §10. The Free Spirit | 177 |
| a. State of the Problem | |
| b. The Ortliebians | |
| c. Beguinism—Eckhart | |
| d. The Ninth Rock —Stupor and Outburst | |
| e. The Paracletes | |
| f. Hieronymus Bosch | |
| §11. Apollonian Imperium | 201 |
| a. Burdach's Conception of the Renaissance | |
| b. Boniface VIII—The Homo Spiritualis | |
| c. Dante—Intellect and Grace | |
| d. Conclusion | |
| Part Five. The Great Confusion | |
| 1. The Great Confusion I: Luther and Calvin | 217 |
| §1. Press and Public | 218 |
| §2. The Schism--The Disputation of Leipzig | 220 |
| §3. The Historicity of Symbols--Church and Transubstantiation | 223 |
| §4. The Ninety-Five Theses | 228 |
| §5. The Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation | 231 |
| §6. Justification through Faith | 248 |
| §7. Afterthoughts | 260 |
| §8. Calvin and Predestination | 268 |
